Why Do I Need a Gonioscopy in Gurgaon?

You need gonioscopy when your doctor must see your eye’s drainage angle directly, to tell open-angle from angle-closure glaucoma. In Gurgaon, I do this five-minute test in a dimmed room, so a narrow angle is not missed.

Your doctor has said you need a gonioscopy. The name sounds alarming, and few people explain it well. It is a short, painless test. It answers one question: is your drainage angle open, narrow, or closed?

What is gonioscopy?

Your eye makes fluid all day. That fluid leaves through a narrow drainage angle between the iris and the cornea. Gonioscopy places a small mirrored lens on the eye’s surface and shows this angle directly. The angle stays hidden from the usual slit-lamp view.

Gonioscopy remains the gold standard for classifying glaucoma. It decides whether your treatment is drops, laser, or urgent care.


Why do you need a gonioscopy?

  • You have a shallow front chamber or a narrow angle. I need to check the angle directly.
  • You have glaucoma, or doctors suspect it. The test tells us whether your angle is open, narrow, or closed.
  • Angle closure runs in your family. Narrow angles often run in families.
  • You have had an eye injury. Trauma can scar the angle. This is called angle recession.
  • You have diabetic eye disease. New blood vessels can grow into the angle.
  • You are planning an ICL. A baseline gonioscopy comes before implant surgery.
  • You take medicines that can trigger angle closure. I may check your angle before you start or continue them.

How I do gonioscopy in Gurgaon

Technique changes the result. Two examiners can grade the same angle differently.

I dim the room lights. Bright light shrinks the pupil. A small pupil pulls the iris away from the angle. A narrow angle can then look falsely open. Dim light keeps the pupil near its natural size. This matches the conditions that trigger angle closure, such as a dark cinema or dusk.

I use dynamic (indentation) gonioscopy where needed. I press the lens gently to tell true closure from appositional closure. This decides whether you need a laser iridotomy, monitoring, or nothing.

I do the test myself. I perform gonioscopy on nearly every glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patient I see.


What your angle finding means

Angle findingWhat it meansWhat usually happens next
OpenThe drainage channel is clear. If you have glaucoma, it is open-angle.Drops, laser, or surgery to lower pressure over time.
Narrow (occludable)The channel may close, even if it has not yet.Prevent an attack, often with a laser iridotomy.
ClosedThe channel is blocked. This needs prompt treatment.Treatment to protect your vision, planned by urgency.
Other findingsPigment, scarring (synechiae) or abnormal vessels.These point to pigment dispersion, past trauma or diabetic changes. Your plan changes.

I also grade your angle, for example with the Shaffer system. This lets us track changes over time.


Is gonioscopy painful, and what happens during the test?

No, gonioscopy is not painful, but you may feel a little pressure on the eye. Your eye is numbed with anaesthetic drops, so the test itself doesn’t hurt.

  1. I explain the test and answer your questions.
  2. Numbing drops go into your eyes.
  3. A little gel goes on the lens. It feels like ultrasound gel.
  4. I rest the lens gently on your eye.
  5. You look straight ahead, then in other directions.
  6. I view your angle through the microscope.
  7. I help you clean your eyes.

Your vision may stay blurry for 15 to 20 minutes. This clears on its own. Rarely, the test causes brief dizziness. It passes quickly.


Gonioscopy vs. Anterior Segment OCT (AS-OCT)

While Anterior Segment OCT (AS-OCT) offers an objective, non-contact, high-resolution cross-sectional scan of the anterior chamber angle—making it an excellent, non-invasive imaging tool for documentation and screening—gonioscopy remains the indispensable clinical gold standard for glaucoma diagnosis. AS-OCT captures a static image in dark or light conditions, but it cannot differentiate between appositional contact and true permanent scarring (peripheral anterior synechiae, or PAS), nor can it visualize critical pigmentary details, pseudoexfoliation deposits, neovascularization, or angle recession. Remember, AS-OCT is not the same as RNFL- OCT

Gonioscopy uniquely allows the clinician to perform dynamic indentation (compression), gently applying pressure through the mirrored lens to physically test whether a closed drainage angle can be reopened or is permanently scarred shut—a critical distinction that directly determines whether a patient requires preventive laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), medical therapy, or surgical intervention.


How to prepare for gonioscopy in Gurgaon

You need very little preparation.

  • Continue your regular eye drops.
  • Remove contact lenses before your visit, if possible, or just before the test.
  • Bring earlier eye reports.
  • Bring someone to drive you, if you prefer.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently

Go the same day if you have:

  • Sudden eye pain with a red eye
  • Halos around lights
  • Sudden blurred vision
  • Severe headache with nausea or vomiting

These can signal an acute angle-closure attack. Do not wait for an appointment.

See a doctor

Book a visit if you:

  • Have a shallow front chamber or a narrow angle on record
  • Have a family history of angle closure
  • Have glaucoma and have never had gonioscopy
  • Are planning ICL surgery
  • Have had an eye injury

What this means for you

Gonioscopy is a five-minute test, that just doesn’t just confirm glaucoma. It decides which kind you have, and that decision determines whether your treatment is drops, an elective laser, or urgent intervention.


Why is Gonioscopy Important?

Gonioscopy is an eye test that visualises the drainage angle of the eye. This drainage angle is responsible for maintaining the eye pressure. Gonioscopy determines if the glaucoma is open angle, or angle closure. It’s findings depend heavily on room lighting and examiner technique. A gonioscopy done under bright slit-lamp illumination can make a narrow angle look falsely open. This is because light constricts the pupil and pulls the iris away from the drainage angle. In Gurgaon, I perform gonioscopy in a dimmed room specifically to avoid this artifact. This way, the angle is graded at its true, physiologic width, not an artificially widened one.


Why Doing Gonioscopy in the Dark Matters

This is one of the most under-discussed variables in glaucoma diagnosis.

When light hits the eye, the pupil constricts. A smaller pupil pulls the peripheral iris away from the trabecular meshwork, which can open up an angle that is, in normal daily conditions, narrow or intermittently closing. If your gonioscopy is done in a bright room, an angle-closure risk can be missed — graded as open when it isn’t reliably open at all.

I do gonioscopy with the room lights dimmed, so the pupil stays closer to its natural size. This is closer to how your eye actually behaves when you walk out of a bright clinic into dim evening light, or sit in a dark cinema. These are the exact conditions in which angle closure is most likely to be triggered. Where indicated, I also use dynamic (indentation) gonioscopy. This involves gently pressing the lens to distinguish a truly closed angle from one that only appears closed (appositional closure). This distinction changes management directly. It decides whether you need a laser iridotomy, monitoring, or nothing at all.


Why Experience in This Specific Test Matters

Gonioscopy is a skill-dependent test — the same eye can be graded differently by two examiners. It takes practiced technique to hold the lens steady, avoid corneal compression that distorts the view, and read subtle angle structures consistently.

Gonioscopy is a routine part of my daily glaucoma practice, not an occasional add-on test. As a fellowship-trained glaucoma and neuro-ophthalmology specialist with over 25 years in the field, and as a research collaborator with Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, my clinical work is built around glaucoma diagnosis and long-term angle monitoring. This means I perform gonioscopy, not delegate, on nearly every glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect patient I see.


Dr Shibal Bhartiya’s Published Research on Angle Closure

My angle-closure glaucoma work has been published in peer-reviewed journals and is indexed on PubMed, including:

You can view these and my other publications on PubMed and Google Scholar.


Frequently Asked Questions

Is gonioscopy painful?

No. Numbing drops remove the pain. You may feel mild pressure. Gonioscopy is very safe, and the lens touches the eye only briefly.

How long does gonioscopy take?

The test takes about five minutes. The full visit, with explanation, takes 20 to 30 minutes.

Will I need gonioscopy more than once?

Yes. Angles change with age, lens growth and after laser. I repeat the test when your glaucoma or narrow angle needs monitoring.

Does room lighting really change my result?

Yes. Bright light can make a narrow angle look falsely open. I do gonioscopy in a dimmed room for this reason. The bright light constricts the pupil and can pull the iris away from the drainage angle, making a narrow angle look artificially open.

Is gonioscopy available in Gurgaon?

Yes. I perform it routinely in Gurgaon, as part of every comprehensive glaucoma evaluation. I specifically do it in a dark room, and do the dynamic indentation where indicated.

What is dynamic (indentation) gonioscopy, and do I need it?

It’s a technique where gentle pressure is applied through the lens to see whether a closed-looking angle is truly closed or only appositionally closed. It’s used selectively, when the initial view suggests possible closure. This is because it changes whether you need a laser iridotomy or just monitoring.

How is this different from gonioscopy done elsewhere?

The test itself is standardised, but technique varies. Room lighting, indentation technique, and examiner experience all affect the reading. These are the specific variables I control for in every gonioscopy I perform.

How long will my vision stay blurry after a gonioscopy, and can I drive myself home?

The mild blurring and smudging you experience usually clear completely within 15 to 20 minutes. This temporary blurriness is not caused by long-acting dilation drops, but simply by the viscous lubricating gel placed on the diagnostic lens to protect your cornea during the examination. Once the gel washes away with natural blinking, your baseline vision returns to normal, and you can comfortably drive yourself home.

Can a gonioscopy test actually prevent an acute glaucoma attack?

Yes, indirectly—it is often the single test that saves a patient from a sudden, sight-threatening emergency. Acute angle-closure glaucoma happens when the eye’s drainage path suddenly blocks, triggering a rapid, agonizing spike in intraocular pressure. Gonioscopy is the only clinical examination that lets a specialist see an anatomically narrow or occludable angle long before symptoms appear. Detecting this early allows your doctor to perform a quick, preventive laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) to keep the fluid pathway open permanently.


Book a Gonioscopy or Glaucoma Evaluation in Gurgaon

If you have a shallow anterior chamber, a family history of angle closure, or have simply never had your drainage angle formally assessed. A gonioscopy — done correctly — is a five-minute test that can prevent an acute angle-closure attack.

If you have been diagnosed with glaucoma, but have never had a gonioscopy, Request a Glaucoma Second Opinion.

Book an Appointment At my clinic in Gurgaon→

📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form for teleconsults

Please also read about Comprehensive Eye Exam.


This article is part of the Glaucoma Diagnosis Hub. You may also want to read Eye Pressure Measurement, Why Do I Need a Visual Field Test? Understanding Your OCT Report in Glaucoma, Visual Field and OCT: Structure & Function Correlation, Gonioscopy, Glaucoma Progression: What It Means and How to Slow It, Do I Really Need All These Tests and Get a Glaucoma Second Opinion in Gurgaon


About the Author

This article was written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, known for ethical, patient-centred glaucoma care and independent glaucoma second opinions. She is also the Program Director for Community Outreach & Wellness; and for the Marengo Asia International Institute of Neuro and Spine.

Dr Bhartiya has published peer-reviewed research on glaucoma management, examining how treatment decisions should balance medical evidence, patient preferences, and long-term vision outcomes. She is also a committed patient advocate and mainstream medical columnist, translating complex ophthalmic evidence into actionable public health insights across leading national platforms including NDTV and OnlyMyHealth

As Editor-in-Chief of Clinical and Experimental Vision and Eye Research and Executive Editor of the Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice (Pubmed Indexed, official journal of the International Society of Glaucoma Surgery). Her 200+ publications, including 90+ PubMed-indexed publications and 28 edited textbooks span glaucoma biology, surgical outcomes, health equity, and emerging diagnostics.

1670+ Five Star Patient Reviews Google Business Profile

If you are unable to come to Dr Bhartiya’s clinic: Read more about teleconsultation

Read her research on PubMed | Google Scholar | ResearchGate | ORCID | Github | Wikidata

📋Upload your reports for a structured review.| 🌐 Contact Us| 📞 +91 88826 38735

⭐ Helped by this article? Leave a Google review — it helps other patients find reliable eye care.

Last Reviewed: October 2026

What Happens During a Glaucoma Consultation?

A glaucoma consultation in my clinic follows a structured five-step process. Detailed history and vision assessment, comprehensive eye examination, glaucoma-specific testing (including corneal thickness, eye pressure, gonioscopy, OCT, and visual fields when needed), pupil dilation if required, and a personalized discussion of findings.

Every consultation ends with practical education on how to use eye drops correctly and simple strategies to improve treatment adherence. Successful glaucoma care depends on both accurate diagnosis and consistent treatment.

Dr Shibal Bhartiya is a fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator with over 25 years of experience. Her approach focuses on identifying risk before damage is irreversible, simplifying treatment decisions, and protecting vision long-term. Emphasis on early detection, risk assessment, and continuity of care. She is rated 5 stars across 1,500+ patient reviews on Google.

What Happens During a Glaucoma Consultation? A Doctor’s Walkthrough

Most patients walk into a glaucoma consult expecting a quick pressure check and a prescription. What they get instead, in my clinic, is a sequence. History, vision, anterior segment, a deliberate order of imaging and gonioscopy, baseline pressure testing across more than one visit. The final ten minutes that I consider non negotiable, teaching you how to actually use your drops.

I have refined this sequence over years of glaucoma practice because the disease itself demands it. You cannot feel your eye pressure changing. You cannot feel your nerve fibre layer thinning. The only way to catch glaucoma early and keep it from progressing is a structured, repeatable, slightly unglamorous process. Repeated the same way every single time.

This page walks through that process exactly as it happens in my clinic. So that you know what to expect. It also helps you plan your day better.

Quick Answer: A glaucoma consultation in my clinic moves through five stages. First, the optometrist takes a detailed history and checks vision. This includes uncorrected vision, best corrected vision, and vision with your current glasses. Second, I review that history myself and examine the front of your eye. Third, I run structural and functional tests in a specific order. Corneal thickness, then pressure measurement, then gonioscopy, with OCT and visual field testing done before gonioscopy when they are needed. Fourth, if your pupils need to be dilated, you wait about forty five minutes. Fifth, no consult ends without me personally teaching you how to instil your eye drops correctly and how to remember whether you have taken them.

Dr Shibal Bhartiya Gurgaon glaucoma consultation infographic showing diagnostic testing and treatment pathway steps; navigating glaucoma consultation
A look inside a real glaucoma consultation with Dr Shibal Bhartiya in Gurgaon: structured testing order, baseline pressure checks across visits, and personalised target pressure zones that guide treatment decisions before any drop is prescribed.

How to Prepare for Your Glaucoma Consultation

A little preparation before your appointment can make your glaucoma consultation more useful and help your ophthalmologist understand your eyes over time.

If possible, bring any previous eye records, including OCT scans, visual field reports, optic nerve photographs, eye pressure readings, and details of any eye surgery or laser treatment. If you use glaucoma eye drops, bring a list of your medications or the bottles themselves. It is also helpful to know whether anyone in your family has glaucoma or significant vision loss.

Write down any questions or changes you have noticed since your last visit, even if they seem minor. Most importantly, do not stop using your prescribed eye drops before your appointment unless your ophthalmologist has specifically advised you to do so.

The more complete your previous records, the easier it is to compare changes over time—because in glaucoma, understanding what has changed is often more important than any single test result.

Step 1: Before You See Me, the Optometrist Does the Groundwork

Every consult starts with my optometrist, not with me. This is deliberate. It means your history is captured properly and your vision is measured in a structured way before I ever walk into the room.

History taking

The optometrist takes a detailed history and reviews any prior reports, scans, or visual fields you bring with you, noting all of it into your file. This includes systemic conditions that have nothing to do with the eye on the surface, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, or autoimmune disease, along with any current medications and known allergies. Glaucoma management decisions are frequently shaped by what is happening in the rest of your body, so none of this is skipped.

Three vision measurements, not one

Your vision is then checked through a formal refraction, and three separate numbers are recorded:

  • UCVA, your uncorrected visual acuity, what you see with no glasses at all
  • PGP, your vision with the glasses you are currently wearing and prescribed
  • BCVA, your best corrected visual acuity, what you could see with the ideal glasses prescription

Comparing these three numbers tells me whether a vision problem is about your eyewear, your ocular surface, or your optic nerve, before I have even examined you. A non contact tonometry pressure check is occasionally done at this stage as a screening step. I insist on Goldmann Applanation Tonometry for all of my glaucoma patients.

Step 2: I Review Your History and Examine the Front of the Eye

When you come in to see me, I read through everything the optometrist has documented at a glance. If anything looks incomplete, inconsistent, or worth a second look, I will ask more specific questions to understand it properly before moving forward.

There is also, always, a few minutes of ordinary conversation. A glaucoma consult is a long term relationship, not a transaction. It starts with treating you like a person before a set of test results. And you will be shocked at the details I remember. Your family, your last vacation, your dog 🙂 sometimes, even your favourite chutney!

I then examine the front of your eye in detail. The conjunctiva and ocular surface, the meibomian glands, the eyelid and bulbar conjunctiva, the anterior chamber, and the lens, looking specifically for cataract, a shallow anterior chamber, or any cells in the anterior chamber (inflammation).

Step 3: A Deliberate Order of Testing, Not a Random Checklist

The sequence in which glaucoma tests are performed matters, and I follow a fixed order rather than doing whichever test is most convenient.

Angle assessment first, with imaging informing the decision

I assess the optic nerve with a 90 dioptre lens. Every glaucoma patient gets a gonioscopy. When you need a repeat gonioscopy is decided after that. I perform it only after the visual field test, the OCT, and fundus photography are done, when those are part of that visit. Imaging the nerve and the visual field before manipulating the angle gives me a cleaner functional and structural baseline to work from.

Central corneal thickness, then pressure, then gonioscopy

Before gonioscopy, I measure central corneal thickness (CCT), the test also called pachymetry. Corneal thickness directly affects how your raw eye pressure reading should be interpreted. But it is always done before your tonometry. Because touching your corneas to measure your IOP before the CCT may alter it slightly. Gonioscopy then follows. This examines your drainage angle under magnification. This determines whether you have an open angle or a narrow angle profile.

Why I do the pressure check myself

Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), the test that measures your intraocular pressure, is the one test I do not delegate. In my clinic, I personally perform this for every glaucoma patient before treatment starts. Again at the first follow up, and at every annual review. My optometrists are trained to do it and do perform it in my absence. Doing it myself gives me a direct feel for what is happening in your eye that a number on a chart cannot fully convey.

I also insist on doing my gonioscopy myself, always with the lights switched off, so be prepared for a few minutes in a dark room. I keep talking to you, so its never scary.

How is Applanation Tonometry Done?

For the GAT, one of my team members will put some numbing eyedrops and ask you not to touch your eye. I then put a dye which stains your tears yellow. And then I check your eye pressures under blue light on the slit lamp, with a prism that comes close to the eye.

It takes less than a minute if you don’t blink and keep looking straight ahead, and a few extra seconds if you fidget. It’s painless, and quick, and we finish with a drop of antibiotic in the eye.

Step 4: Dilation, When It Is Needed

If your assessment requires dilating your pupils, you will be told this in advance, because dilation takes about forty five minutes to take full effect and changes how you experience the rest of your day.

  • We ask you to bring dark glasses, a scarf, or an umbrella, since dilated eyes are far more light sensitive, particularly in Gurugram’s daytime heat
  • We advise you not to drive yourself home after a dilated examination

Step 5: Establishing a True Baseline, Not a Single Snapshot

Glaucoma decisions should never rest on one reading taken on one day. Two specific habits in my clinic exist to correct for that.

Repeating your first visual field

There is a genuine learning curve to taking a visual field test well. The first attempt is frequently unreliable simply because the patient has not yet learned the rhythm of the test. I routinely discard the first visual field and ask patients to return the next morning. We do not charge for that repeat test. The inaccuracy is a known limitation of the test itself, and is not a reason to bill twice.

Three pressure readings, not one

For a true baseline, I usually take three intraocular pressure readings at different times of day. Rather than relying on a single number, since pressure naturally fluctuates through the day. One of these three readings may be taken by an optometrist, if it’s after my working hours. We usually work from the average of all three.

The water drinking test

A formal diurnal variation test, in which pressure is measured every few hours through the day, is not practical for every patient. We often use the water drinking test as a more practical stand in. This is typically done before starting treatment, again about one to two months after treatment begins. We may repeat it if your eye appears to be progressing despite your pressure meeting its target.

Step 6: Setting Your Personalised Target Pressure

There is no single universal normal pressure number in modern glaucoma care. Your corneal thickness, the structure of your drainage angle, and your Visual field and OCT baseline are combined to calculate a target pressure zone. This is specific to your eye, designed to halt progression for you.

Step 7: The Most Important Section of Glaucoma Consultation: Eye Drop Training

A prescription on its own does not protect your vision if the drops never go in correctly or are forgotten. So every consult ends with practical training, not just instructions.

  • I personally show you how to instil your eye drops correctly, since technique affects how much medication actually reaches the eye
  • I ask you to set a phone alarm for every dose. Because relying on memory alone is the most common reason treatment fails
  • If you are on more than one medication, I recommend keeping two small boxes. One empty and one full of your drop bottles. After each dose, you move that bottle from the full box to the empty one. So a glance at the boxes tells you whether you have already taken that round of drops. And which ones remain.
  • When you leave, my coordinator helps you set your next appointment, before you leave the clinic. You will also receive a Whatsapp message with links to important information and details of phone numbers to book appointments. You will also get my direct phone number for any clinical queries, or emergencies.

When To See Me Before Your Booked Glaucoma Consultation

  • Sudden eye pain, redness, or blurred vision, which can signal an acute angle closure attack
  • Any one sided change in vision or eye appearance
  • Headache or nausea accompanying eye pain
  • A noticeable change in your visual field between scheduled visits
  • New side effects after starting or changing a glaucoma medication
  • Missed doses for several consecutive days, which should be flagged at your next visit rather than left unmentioned

Why Two Patients With the Same Eye Pressure May Receive Different Advice

It is natural to wonder why one person is advised to start glaucoma treatment immediately, while another with a similar eye pressure is simply monitored.

The answer is that glaucoma is not diagnosed or treated based on a single number.

When I assess a patient, I consider the health of the optic nerve, OCT scans, visual field results, corneal thickness, family history, age, previous eye records, and whether there is any evidence that the disease is progressing. I also take into account your lifestyle, occupation, and life expectancy, because the goal is to preserve the vision you need throughout your lifetime.

Two patients may have the same eye pressure but very different levels of risk. One may benefit from careful observation, while the other may need treatment without delay.

My role is not simply to diagnose glaucoma. It is to understand your individual risk of vision loss and recommend the right treatment at the right time.

📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form for teleconsults


This page is a part of the Glaucoma Hub. you may want to read about Glaucoma Progression, and Risk Stratification in Glaucoma. Other articles of interest could be Advanced Glaucoma Care in Gurgaon, What Good Glaucoma Care Actually Optimises For, What Happens If Glaucoma Is Left Untreated?, More Glaucoma Eye Drops is Not Better Glaucoma Care, 5 Mistakes Patients Make in Glaucoma Care and Do You Really Need Treatment for Glaucoma?


Frequently Asked Questions

Why does the optometrist see me before the doctor does?

The optometrist’s workup, history, refraction, and the three part vision check, ensures your file is complete and your baseline vision is documented accurately before I begin my own examination. This makes the time I spend with you more focused on interpretation and decision making rather than data collection.

Why do you measure my eye pressure yourself instead of leaving it to staff?

Goldmann applanation tonometry is the gold standard pressure test, and for every glaucoma patient I treat, I perform it myself before starting treatment, at the first follow up, and at every annual review. It gives me a direct sense of your eye’s behaviour that I do not want to lose by always delegating it.

Why do you discard my first visual field test and ask me to repeat it?

Most patients have not yet learned the rhythm of the visual field test on their first attempt. This makes that first result unreliable. We ask you to return the next morning for a repeat test. We do not charge for it, since the inaccuracy belongs to the learning curve of the test, not to you.

Why is gonioscopy done after OCT and visual field testing, not before?

When OCT, visual field testing, and fundus photography are part of your visit, I prefer to have that structural and functional picture in hand before manipulating the angle during gonioscopy. The order is chosen to give the cleanest possible baseline. Also, sometimes I use a viscoelastic gel for gonioscopy. In that case, your vision is fuzzy for about ten minutes after, and I don’t want your time wasted.

What is the water drinking test and why would I need one?

It is a practical way of checking how your eye pressure responds to a physiological stress. This is used in place of round the clock diurnal variation testing, which is not feasible for every patient. I typically use it before starting treatment. I may repeat it again a month or two into treatment. And again later if your eye appears to be progressing even though your pressure looks controlled.

Why do you spend time teaching me to put in my own eye drops?

Technique directly affects how much medication reaches your eye. A missed or mistimed dose is the most common reason glaucoma treatment underperforms. Pairing a phone alarm with the two box system is simple. It gives you a simple, visual way to know whether today’s dose has already gone in. Research says it is the most important intervention in preventing glaucoma blindness.

Is Dr Shibal Bhartiya the best glaucoma specialist in Gurgaon?

Dr Shibal Bhartiya is a fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist with over 25 years of experience. Her training includes AIIMS New Delhi and the University of Geneva. She is a Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, has authored over 200 scientific publications, edited 28 ophthalmology textbooks, and has more than 1,600 five-star Google reviews from patients. A lot of her patients call her the best glaucoma specialist in Gurgaon.

What do patients say about Dr Shibal Bhartiya’s care, beyond her credentials?

Patients consistently describe feeling heard, never rushed, and receiving clear, personalised explanations. Many value her ethical approach, thoughtful second opinions, and focus on preserving both vision and quality of life. Many reviews also describe her as the best glaucoma specialist or eye doctor in Gurgaon.


Key Takeaways

  • Your consult begins with the optometrist. They document history and perform three vision measurements, UCVA, PGP, and BCVA, before I examine you
  • Testing follows a fixed order: imaging and visual field first when needed, then corneal thickness, then gonioscopy, then pressure measurement
  • I personally measure your eye pressure for every glaucoma patient at key visits, rather than delegating it
  • Your first visual field is usually repeated free of charge, because of a genuine learning curve with the test
  • Baseline pressure is built from three readings at different times of day, sometimes supplemented by a water drinking test
  • Your target pressure is personalised to your eye’s anatomy, not based on one generic normal number
  • No consult ends without hands on training in how to use your drops. And how to track whether you have taken them

Book a Consultation

If you have been told you have glaucoma, or are due for a routine check because of family history or elevated pressure, this is the process you can expect to walk through.

Book an Appointment →📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form for teleconsults


About the Author

This article was written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, known for ethical, patient-centred glaucoma care and independent glaucoma second opinions. She is also the Program Director for Community Outreach & Wellness; and for the Marengo Asia International Institute of Neuro and Spine.

She has published peer-reviewed research on glaucoma management, examining how treatment decisions should balance medical evidence, patient preferences, and long-term vision outcomes.

As Editor-in-Chief of Clinical and Experimental Vision and Eye Research and Executive Editor of the Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice (Pubmed Indexed, official journal of the International Society of Glaucoma Surgery), Dr Shibal Bhartiya brings editorial and research depth to every clinical decision. Her 200+ publications, including 90+ PubMed-indexed publications and 28 edited textbooks span glaucoma biology, surgical outcomes, health equity, and emerging diagnostics.

1600+ Five Star Patient Reviews Google Business Profile

If you are unable to come to Dr Bhartiya’s clinic: Read more about teleconsultation

Read her research on PubMed | Google Scholar | ResearchGate | ORCID

📋Upload your reports for a structured review.| 🌐 Contact Us| 📞 +91 88826 38735

⭐ Helped by this article? Leave a Google review — it helps other patients find reliable eye care.

A Routine Eye Check and Glaucoma

A routine eye check may raise suspicion of glaucoma through elevated eye pressure, changes in the optic nerve, or unexplained vision changes. However, confirming glaucoma usually requires specialised tests such as optic nerve imaging, visual field testing, and corneal thickness measurement. Also, a routine for glasses is not a substitute for an eye exam, as the former can often miss glaucoma.

Glaucoma usually causes no pain, no redness, and no obvious vision change in its early stages. Most people with glaucoma feel completely normal until significant and irreversible damage has occurred. The only way to detect it early is a comprehensive eye examination that includes optic nerve assessment, intraocular pressure measurement, and visual field testing

A Routine Eye Check Revealed a Sight-Threatening Disease

Mrs SG came to see me because her glasses prescription had not felt right for a few months. She was 57. She worked at a desk. Her eyes were tired by evening, and she assumed she needed a stronger number. She had no pain. No redness. No alarming moment that made her think something was wrong.

Her previous optician had given her a new prescription six months earlier. It had not helped. She booked an appointment with me because a colleague had suggested a second opinion.

I examined her in the usual way. Her visual acuity was reasonable. Her anterior segment was quiet. Then I checked her retina and optic nerve.

The optic nerve in her left eye had a cup that was too large. The rim tissue was thinning at the inferior pole. Her intraocular pressure was 24 mmHg in the right eye and 26 in the left. I asked her to sit with the visual field machine.

The field test confirmed what the disc had suggested. There was a dense arcuate defect in her left eye. A significant portion of her peripheral vision was already gone. She had not noticed. You rarely do with glaucoma, because the brain fills in the gaps until it cannot.

She did not need a stronger glasses prescription. She had glaucoma, and it had been quietly advancing for what was likely several years.

Patient details have been changed to protect privacy.


Remember

Her case is not unusual. Glaucoma is called the silent thief of sight for a reason. It causes no pain, no visible redness, and no early warning that most patients would recognise. By the time vision loss is noticeable, the disease has already caused permanent damage. In India, an estimated 12 million people have glaucoma, and almost 90% of them do not know it. (The Chennai glaucoma Study).

Below, I explain what glaucoma actually does to the eye, why it is so reliably missed, and which symptoms, or absences of symptoms, should prompt an urgent examination.


What Glaucoma Actually Does to Your Eye

Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve. The optic nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain. When this nerve is damaged, that information is lost permanently. No treatment can restore what is already gone. Treatment can only slow or stop further damage.

In most cases, the damage is caused or worsened by raised pressure inside the eye. This pressure, called intraocular pressure or IOP, builds when fluid inside the eye does not drain properly. The drainage system becomes less efficient over time, pressure rises, and the optic nerve fibres begin to die. The process is painless in the vast majority of patients.

What makes glaucoma particularly deceptive is the pattern of vision loss. It begins at the periphery, the edges of your visual field. The brain compensates automatically. Both eyes together create a complete picture, and each eye covers for the blind spots of the other. Patients often do not notice peripheral vision loss until more than 40 percent of their optic nerve fibres have already been destroyed. By that point, the disease is well advanced.

In SG’s case, her glasses prescription had changed slightly because her visual system was compensating for early field loss. It was not a refractive change. It was her brain working harder to make sense of incomplete information. This pattern, subtle visual dissatisfaction without a clear cause, is one of the most common presentations I see in patients who turn out to have early to moderate glaucoma.


Glaucoma vs Normal Ageing: How to Tell the Difference

Symptom or SignWhat It SuggestsWhat To Do
Gradual blurring that a new glasses prescription does not fixMay indicate optic nerve or macular pathology, not refractive changeSee an ophthalmologist for optic nerve assessment, not just a refraction
Difficulty adjusting from bright to dim lightCan be an early sign of peripheral field lossRequest a visual field test at your next eye appointment
Frequent glasses changes with no lasting improvementSuggests the problem is not the prescriptionAsk for intraocular pressure measurement and disc evaluation
Mild headache or eye heaviness without rednessIn some patients, mildly elevated IOP causes subtle discomfortCheck IOP, especially if over 40 or with family history of glaucoma
No symptoms at all, but a family member has glaucomaFirst-degree relatives have a 4 to 9 times higher riskSchedule a comprehensive glaucoma screening even if you feel completely well
Squinting or tilting the head to see clearlyMay indicate undetected visual field asymmetryFull field test for both eyes separately

Why Glaucoma Is So Often Missed

The most common reason glaucoma goes undetected is that a routine glasses check is not a glaucoma examination.

When a patient visits an optician or a basic eye clinic for a new prescription, the standard assessment measures visual acuity and refraction. It does not always include optic nerve photography, intraocular pressure measurement, or visual field testing. These are the three investigations that detect glaucoma. Without all three, the disease is invisible.

Sunita had seen an optician twice in three years. Her visual acuity was checked each time. Her optic nerve was never examined.

The second reason glaucoma is missed is the absence of symptoms. Patients present to doctors when something feels wrong. Glaucoma does not feel wrong, not for years. There is no cultural expectation in India of an annual comprehensive eye examination. Most people attend only when they need a new prescription or when something is visibly red or painful. By those criteria, a glaucoma patient has no reason to come at all.

The third reason is that IOP alone is not a reliable screening tool. Many patients with glaucoma have pressure in the so-called normal range. Normal-tension glaucoma accounts for a substantial proportion of cases, particularly in people of Asian descent. A single IOP reading of 16 mmHg does not exclude the diagnosis.

SG’s IOP was elevated, which made diagnosis more straightforward. But many of my patients with confirmed glaucoma have had pressures that would not have triggered concern at a routine check.


But My Eye Test Was Normal

Many patients tell me, “But I had a routine eye check and everything was normal.” I explain that a routine eye examination and a glaucoma evaluation are not the same thing. My role is not simply to measure your eye pressure. I assess your optic nerve, interpret your OCT and visual field tests, evaluate your risk factors, and decide whether your eyes are likely to remain stable over time.

What does a routine eye check usually include?

  • Vision testing
  • Glasses prescription
  • Eye pressure (sometimes)
  • External eye examination
  • Basic retinal examination

What does a glaucoma evaluation include?

  • Optic nerve assessment
  • OCT
  • Visual field
  • Gonioscopy
  • Corneal thickness
  • Risk assessment

When To See an Eye Specialist

See an ophthalmologist for a comprehensive glaucoma assessment if any of the following apply:

  • A parent, sibling, or child has been diagnosed with glaucoma
  • You are over 40 and have not had a comprehensive eye examination in the past two years
  • You have been told your eye pressure is “a little high” but were not referred further
  • You have changed your glasses prescription twice in two years with no lasting improvement
  • You have diabetes, as this increases glaucoma risk
  • You are of South Asian, East Asian, or African descent, all of which carry higher glaucoma risk
  • You use steroid eye drops, nasal sprays, or inhalers long-term
  • You were told everything was fine, but your vision still does not feel right

📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form


Frequently Asked Questions

Can you have glaucoma with normal eye pressure?

Yes. Normal-tension glaucoma is a recognised and common form of the disease, particularly in people of Asian descent. A normal IOP reading does not rule out glaucoma; optic nerve assessment and visual field testing are essential.

Does glaucoma always cause pain?

No. The most common forms of glaucoma are completely painless. Pain is associated with acute angle-closure glaucoma, which is a sudden and rare presentation. Most patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma, the most prevalent type, feel nothing at all until vision loss is advanced.

Can lost vision from glaucoma be restored?

No. Optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma is permanent. Treatment with eye drops, laser, or surgery can slow or stop further damage, but vision already lost cannot be recovered. Early detection is the only way to protect useful sight.

How often should I have a glaucoma check if I have a family history?

If a first-degree relative has glaucoma, you should have a comprehensive eye examination every year from the age of 40, or earlier if your ophthalmologist advises it.


Book a Consultation

If you have a family history of glaucoma, have not had a comprehensive eye examination in the past two years, or have been told your eye pressure is elevated, a dedicated assessment is worth arranging now. The earlier glaucoma is found, the more vision can be protected.

In Gurugram, a glaucoma assessment with Dr Shibal Bhartiya includes optic nerve imaging, visual field testing, corneal thickness measurement, and a full review of your risk profile. [second opinion]

📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form

The L.I.F.T.S.™ Framework, devised by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, provides a comprehensive, evidence-based evaluation to guide personalised glaucoma care and lifelong vision preservation. The framework follows five structured steps: Longitudinal Record Integration, Independent Diagnostic Re-Evaluation, Functional Rate-of-Progression Analysis, Target IOP & Lifetime Risk Profiling, and Proportional & Sustainable Management Planning.


This page is a part of the Glaucoma Hub. you may want to read about Glaucoma Progression, and Risk Stratification in Glaucoma. Other articles of interest could be Advanced Glaucoma Care in Gurgaon, What Good Glaucoma Care Actually Optimises For, What Happens If Glaucoma Is Left Untreated?, More Glaucoma Eye Drops is Not Better Glaucoma Care, 5 Mistakes Patients Make in Glaucoma Care and Do You Really Need Treatment for Glaucoma?


About the Author

This article was written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, known for ethical, patient-centred glaucoma care and independent glaucoma second opinions. She is also the Program Director for Community Outreach & Wellness; and for the Marengo Asia International Institute of Neuro and Spine.

She has published peer-reviewed research on glaucoma management, examining how treatment decisions should balance medical evidence, patient preferences, and long-term vision outcomes.

As Editor-in-Chief of Clinical and Experimental Vision and Eye Research and Executive Editor of the Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice (Pubmed Indexed, official journal of the International Society of Glaucoma Surgery), Dr Shibal Bhartiya brings editorial and research depth to every clinical decision. Her 200+ publications, including 90+ PubMed-indexed publications and 28 edited textbooks span glaucoma biology, surgical outcomes, health equity, and emerging diagnostics.

1600+ Five Star Patient Reviews Google Business Profile

If you are unable to come to Dr Bhartiya’s clinic: Read more about teleconsultation

Read her research on PubMed | Google Scholar | ResearchGate | ORCID

📋Upload your reports for a structured review.| 🌐 Contact Us| 📞 +91 88826 38735

⭐ Helped by this article? Leave a Google review — it helps other patients find reliable eye care.

Common Myths About Glaucoma

Most common myth about glaucoma is that it causes pain or obvious vision loss, but early glaucoma is often silent and progresses slowly. Regular eye examinations are important because glaucoma damage can occur long before symptoms become noticeable. Patients who believe they would notice symptoms, that only older people are affected, or that treatment means surgery are the patients who present late. Here is what is true, explains Dr Shibal Bhartiya.

Glaucoma affects over 12 million people in India. The majority do not know they have it. Part of the reason is the disease itself: silent, slow, and peripheral. But part of the reason is misinformation that creates false reassurance at precisely the moment awareness matters most.

Dr Shibal Bhartiya is a fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator with over 25 years of experience. Her approach focuses on identifying risk before damage is irreversible, simplifying treatment decisions, and protecting vision long-term. Emphasis on early detection, risk assessment, and continuity of care. She is rated 5 stars across 1,500+ patient reviews on Google.

Eight Glaucoma Myths That Cost People Their Vision

MythWhat the Evidence Shows
Glaucoma only affects the elderly.While risk rises with age, glaucoma can occur at any age. Juvenile glaucoma affects teenagers. Primary open angle glaucoma is well documented in patients in their 30s and 40s, particularly in South Asian populations with high myopia or family history.
I would know if I had glaucoma — my vision is fine.Glaucoma destroys peripheral vision first. Central vision — what you use to read and recognise faces — is preserved until very late in the disease. The brain compensates for peripheral loss so effectively that patients can lose 40% of their optic nerve before noticing anything.
Glaucoma always causes high eye pressure.Normal tension glaucoma — where the optic nerve is damaged despite normal IOP — accounts for 30–40% of glaucoma in India. A normal pressure reading does not mean your optic nerve is safe.
Glaucoma means I will go blind.Glaucoma diagnosed and treated early is very unlikely to cause blindness. Most patients with well-managed glaucoma retain functional vision for life. The blindness associated with glaucoma is almost always the result of late detection or inadequate treatment.
Glaucoma treatment means surgery.The majority of glaucoma patients are managed with eye drops alone for many years. Laser procedures (SLT) are used when drops are insufficient or poorly tolerated. Surgery is reserved for cases where other treatments fail or where IOP needs to be lowered substantially.
Once I start glaucoma drops, I am on them forever.Treatment duration depends on the stage of disease, IOP response, and patient factors. Some patients transition from drops to laser. Some achieve adequate control with laser alone. Surgical treatment can reduce or eliminate drop dependence. Your specialist reviews this regularly.
Glaucoma runs in my family but I feel fine, so I must be fine.Family history of glaucoma increases your personal risk four to nine times. Feeling fine is expected — glaucoma is asymptomatic. A first-degree relative with glaucoma is the single strongest indication for annual specialist screening, regardless of how well you feel.
Glaucoma eye drops are just for reducing pressure — they have no other effect.Glaucoma drops significantly affect the eye surface, causing dry eye, redness, and allergic reactions in many patients. Some systemic drops affect heart rate and blood pressure. Your specialist needs to know your full medical history and all medications before prescribing.

To understand more, Please read Five Mistakes Glaucoma Patients Make

Please also read Cataract and Glaucoma

Frequently Asked Questions

Is There a Cure for Glaucoma?

There is no cure for glaucoma in the sense of restoring damaged nerve tissue. The optic nerve fibres lost to glaucoma do not regenerate. Treatment halts or slows progression — it does not reverse what has already been lost. This is why early detection is the single most important determinant of outcome.

Can I Check My Own Eye Pressure at Home?

Home tonometers are available and improving, but they are not a substitute for specialist monitoring. IOP is one variable in glaucoma management. Optic nerve appearance, visual field status, and nerve fibre layer thickness are equally or more important — none of which a home device measures. Home monitoring may have a role as a supplement to specialist care, not a replacement for it.

How Often Do I Need to See a Glaucoma Specialist?

This depends on your disease stage and stability. Newly diagnosed or unstable patients are typically reviewed every three to four months. Stable patients with well-controlled IOP and no progression may be reviewed every six to twelve months. Your schedule is set by your specialist and should not be deferred because you feel well.

Does Glaucoma Affect Both Eyes Equally?

Glaucoma is often asymmetric — it begins in one eye before the other and progresses at different rates. This asymmetry is one reason patients do not notice it. The better eye compensates for the worse eye. By the time both eyes are significantly affected, the window for prevention has often closed in the first eye.


Speak to a Glaucoma Specialist

If you have been diagnosed with glaucoma and are unsure whether your treatment is working, or if you have a family history and have never had a full nerve assessment, a second opinion is always appropriate. Early course correction protects what cannot be recovered.

Avoiding these common glaucoma mistakes can help protect your vision. Book a consultation with Dr. Shibal Bhartiya for a personalised glaucoma assessment, treatment review, or expert second opinion.

📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form for teleconsults


This page is a part of the Glaucoma Hub. you may want to read about Glaucoma Progression, and Risk Stratification in Glaucoma. You may want to read more about OCT and Visual Field, Glaucoma Tests Explained, Normal OCT but Vision Symptoms and How to Understand Your OCT Better. Also of help could be Why Do I Need a Visual Field Test? Glaucoma Diagnosis in Gurgaon, Get a Glaucoma Second Opinion in Gurgaon and Get an Online Glaucoma Consult.

This article is a part of the Myths about Eyes Hub. Please also read Glaucoma Myths Debunked, Can Palming or Eye Exercises Cure Glaucoma, Complementary and Alternate Medication for Glaucoma, and Marijuana for Glaucoma.


About the Author

This article was written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, known for ethical, patient-centred glaucoma care and independent glaucoma second opinions. She is also the Program Director for Community Outreach & Wellness; and for the Marengo Asia International Institute of Neuro and Spine.

She has published peer-reviewed research on glaucoma management, examining how treatment decisions should balance medical evidence, patient preferences, and long-term vision outcomes.

As Editor-in-Chief of Clinical and Experimental Vision and Eye Research and Executive Editor of the Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice (Pubmed Indexed, official journal of the International Society of Glaucoma Surgery), Dr Shibal Bhartiya brings editorial and research depth to every clinical decision. Her 200+ publications, including 90+ PubMed-indexed publications and 28 edited textbooks span glaucoma biology, surgical outcomes, health equity, and emerging diagnostics.

1500+ Five Star Patient Reviews Google Business Profile

If you are unable to come to Dr Bhartiya’s clinic: Read more about teleconsultation for glaucoma

Read her research on PubMed | Google Scholar | ResearchGate | ORCID

Upload your reports for a structured review.| www.drshibalbhartiya.com | +91 88826 38735

Leave a review on Google

Related Reading
Get an Online Glaucoma Consult
Visual Field and OCT: Structure & Function Correlation
Glaucoma Diagnosis in Gurgaon
Risk Stratification in Glaucoma
Glaucoma Progression: What It Means and How to Slow It
Glaucoma treatment in Gurgaon
All About Glaucoma Medication
Glaucoma Lasers: SLT & LPI
Glaucoma surgery in Gurgaon
MIGS in Gurgaon
Get a Glaucoma Second Opinion in Gurgaon

Why Do My Eyes Burn Since Starting Glaucoma Drops?

Quick Answer: Your glaucoma drops likely cause the burning, because the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) damages your tear film. Treating both together, often with preservative-free drops, improves comfort, test accuracy and adherence.

Written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist. She trained in both cornea and glaucoma at AIIMS, New Delhi, for three years. Last reviewed: [date].

If your eyes burn, sting or feel gritty on glaucoma drops, you are not imagining it. This is common. Most patients assume it is part of the package, so they stay quiet.

Burning does not mean your glaucoma is getting worse. It usually means your ocular surface needs care. Do not stop or change your glaucoma drops without speaking to your doctor. Missed drops can let glaucoma progress without any symptoms.

Key Takeaways on Glaucoma and Dry Eyes

  • Dry eye affects 40 to 60 percent of people on long-term glaucoma drops.
  • Preservatives such as BAK often cause the burning.
  • Dry eye can distort pressure readings, OCT scans and visual fields.
  • Preservative-free drops, laser and surface care can restore comfort.
  • Never stop your glaucoma drops without your doctor’s advice.

How Common Is Dry Eye in Glaucoma?

Studies show that 40 to 60 percent of glaucoma patients also have dry eye disease [1, 2]. The two conditions share risk factors, such as older age and menopause. They are still separate diseases.

Why Do Glaucoma Drops Cause Dry Eye?

1. The preservative (BAK)

Most glaucoma drops contain BAK. BAK keeps the bottle sterile. It also harms the surface of your eye [3].

BAK breaks up the tear film. It damages goblet cells, which make the mucus layer of your tears. It also triggers chronic inflammation.

Many patients use two or three drops a day. That means four to six BAK exposures daily, for years. The damage builds slowly. This is an expected effect of long-term BAK use. It is not rare.

2. Dry eye you already had

Older age, menopause and autoimmune disease raise the risk of dry eye. Many patients reach a glaucoma diagnosis with a weak surface already. Added BAK speeds up the damage.

3. Oil gland problems

Most dry eye in glaucoma patients is evaporative. The meibomian glands in your lid margins stop making enough good oil. Your tears then dry out too fast.

4. Screen time

You blink less on screens. Your tears evaporate faster, and drops sting more. Read more on why vision blurs after screen use.


What Does Your Symptom Mean?

SymptomLikely causeWhen to worry
Burning or stinging right after a dropBAK irritation on a dry surfaceRedness, swelling or pain after every drop. This may signal an allergy to a drop.
Gritty, sandy feeling by eveningEvaporative dry eye, oil gland problemsLubricating drops do not help.
Watery eyesIrritated surface triggers reflex tearingTearing comes with discharge or a red, painful eye.
Blur that clears with blinkingUnstable tear filmBlur does not clear, or vision drops suddenly.
Dull ache, halos and rednessNot dry eye. Eye pressure may be rising.Get care the same day.
You skip drops because they hurtDrop discomfortTell your doctor now. Missed drops let glaucoma progress silently.

Why Does the Glaucoma and Dry Eyes Overlap Matter?

  • Adherence. Pain makes patients skip drops. Uncontrolled pressure then damages the optic nerve. Treating dry eye protects your drop routine.
  • Test accuracy. An unstable tear film blurs visual field tests. It can create false dips that mimic progression. It can also lower OCT scan quality and make pressure readings less reliable.
  • Surgery planning. Years of surface inflammation can leave the conjunctiva less healthy for filtering surgery.
  • Quality of life. Chronic burning, light sensitivity and fluctuating vision are not inevitable. See more on quality of life in glaucoma.

How My Cornea and Glaucoma Superspeciality Training Affects my Clinical Decisions

I spent three years as a Senior Research Associate in the Cornea and Glaucoma Services at AIIMS, New Delhi. I managed complex tertiary referral patients with glaucoma and ocular surface disease.

That training changed how I see a glaucoma patient. I look at the surface first, not only the optic nerve. I count every drop, every bottle and every preservative. I ask whether you skip drops because they hurt.

Successful glaucoma care is not only about lowering eye pressure. It means protecting vision long-term while keeping the surface healthy enough to stay on treatment for life.


How Do I Assess This in the Clinic?

At my Gurgaon clinic, a glaucoma review for surface complaints includes:

  • Tear breakup time (TBUT): It measures how fast your tear film breaks after a blink.
  • Surface staining: Fluorescein and lissamine green dyes show damaged cells on the cornea and conjunctiva.
  • Meibomian gland check: I look for blocked or weak oil glands.
  • OSDI questionnaire: It captures symptoms the slit lamp cannot show.
  • Drop review: I check which drops you use, how many, and how often.

What Are the Treatment Options?

1. Switch to preservative-free drops

This is often the most helpful step. Preservative-free drops lower pressure as well as preserved drops do. They skip the surface toxicity. Preservative-free options exist for prostaglandin analogues, beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and some combinations. The TFOS DEWS II report on drug-induced dry eye supports this approach [4].

Availability and cost vary. Ask your specialist which options suit you. Read the complete guide to glaucoma eye drops.

2. Use fixed-dose combination drops

One bottle with two medicines means fewer drops and fewer preservative exposures. For many patients, this is a practical first step.

3. Treat the dry eye directly

  • Artificial tears: Choose preservative-free tears. Use them regularly through the day.
  • Warm compresses and lid hygiene: They improve the quality of your oil layer.
  • Omega-3: Read the evidence on omega-3 and dry eye.
  • Anti-inflammatory drops: Topical cyclosporine, or lifitegrast where available, calms the inflammation that keeps dry eye going.
  • Punctal plugs: Tiny plugs keep your natural tears on the eye longer.

4. Use laser or surgery to cut your drop load

Some patients can reduce or stop drops. Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) lowers pressure without drops. For advanced disease, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) or trabeculectomy can cut drop burden. See also laser to avoid eye drops.


What Doctors Often Miss

  • Irritation gets blamed on glaucoma progression. More often, it comes from the surface.
  • Tests run through a dry surface. A visual field done through an unstable tear film is not a trustworthy test. I prefer to stabilise the surface first, or treat both together.
  • Nobody adds up the total BAK load across all your bottles.
  • Nobody asks about skipped drops. Patients rarely volunteer it.

Can Dry Eye Cause Glaucoma?

No. Dry eye does not cause glaucoma. The two diseases have different mechanisms. Both become more common with age, and chronic inflammation may play a role in each. Researchers are still studying that link.

A Warning About Steroid Eye Drops

In India, pharmacies sometimes sell steroid eye drops without a prescription. They ease redness and irritation fast, so patients keep using them.

Long-term, unsupervised steroid drops can raise eye pressure and cause steroid-induced glaucoma. This can permanently damage the optic nerve. Steroids also speed up cataracts and raise infection risk.

Never use steroid drops for persistent dry eye without an ophthalmologist’s advice.


When to See a Doctor

See a Doctor Urgently (Same Day)

  • Sudden loss or drop in vision
  • Severe eye pain, especially with redness, halos or nausea
  • A white spot on the cornea, or pus, especially in contact lens wearers
  • Chemical splash or eye injury
  • Severe light sensitivity with a red, painful eye

See a Doctor (Book a Visit)

  • Burning or grittiness that lasts more than a few days on your drops
  • You skip or shorten your drops because they hurt
  • You use two or more glaucoma drops
  • You need lubricating drops many times a day
  • Your visual field or OCT results vary from visit to visit
  • You use steroid drops without advice

What This Means for You

Burning on glaucoma drops is common, and you can fix it. Do not accept it as normal. Do not stop your drops on your own.

Tell your doctor:

  • Which symptoms bother you most (burning, grittiness, blur, light sensitivity)
  • Whether symptoms get worse after drops or at certain times of day
  • Whether you have ever skipped or reduced drops because of discomfort
  • How many hours a day you spend on screens

This does not make you a difficult patient. It makes your care more precise.


Frequently Asked Questions

Can glaucoma drops cause dry eye?

Yes. Most glaucoma drops contain BAK. Over time, BAK causes inflammation, goblet cell loss and dry eye. Preservative-free drops often bring relief.

Can I use artificial tears with my glaucoma drops?

Yes, and many patients should. Wait at least five minutes between different drops, so one does not wash out the other. Ask your doctor to confirm the best order for your drops.

Are preservative-free glaucoma drops as effective?

Yes. The active medicine is the same. The preservative only keeps a multi-dose bottle sterile. Preservative-free drops come in single-dose units.

Can dry eye affect my glaucoma test results?

Yes. An unstable tear film can distort pressure readings, OCT scans and visual fields. That is why I assess the ocular surface in glaucoma care.

Can I use laser if my eyes cannot tolerate drops?

Often, yes. SLT can lower pressure and reduce your need for drops. If drop toxicity is severe, your doctor may also discuss surgery.


Book a Consultation

Burning, irritation or fluctuating vision on glaucoma treatment has options beyond more lubricating drops. A full assessment can tell whether you have dry eye, preservative toxicity, oil gland dysfunction or another surface problem. Then I tailor treatment to your glaucoma and your comfort.

Whether you need a second opinion, have drops that no longer feel comfortable, or want to explore preservative-free drops, laser or surgery, I can help.

Book an Appointment:

📍 Gurgaon 📞 +91 88826 38735 | 🌐 Contact Us | Second Opinion Form for teleconsults

Glaucoma (L.I.F.T.S.™): L.I.F.T.S.™ checks records over time, re-confirms the diagnosis, measures progression speed, sets target pressure, then recommends observe, refine or escalate.

Dry eye (C.L.E.A.R.™): C.L.E.A.R.™ finds your dry eye subtype, maps oil glands, audits drops and medicines, measures inflammation, then builds a root-cause plan.


This page is a part of the Glaucoma Hub. you may want to read about Glaucoma Progression, , and Risk Stratification in Glaucoma. Other articles of interest could be Advanced Glaucoma Care in Gurgaon, What Good Glaucoma Care Actually Optimises For, What Happens If Glaucoma Is Left Untreated?, More Glaucoma Eye Drops is Not Better Glaucoma Care, 5 Mistakes Patients Make in Glaucoma Care and Do You Really Need Treatment for Glaucoma?

This article is part of the Dry Eye Hub. Please also read Basics of Dry Eye, Dry Eye Second Opinion and Dry Eye: A Chronic Disease. Why Vision Becomes Blurred After Reading or Screen Use, Why Dry Eye Symptoms and Tests Don’t Match, and Why Are Your Dry Eye Drops Not Working may also help you understand your problem better.

You may want to read How to remember your glaucoma medication, Tips and tricks on how to use your eye drops, Whether refrigerating eye drops helps, How to manage side effects of glaucoma drops, Why my dry eye drops are not working, How to reduce glaucoma drops, Glaucoma drops not working, and Glaucoma progressing despite eye drops.

You may also want to learn how to put eyedrops here.


About the Author

TThis article was written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, known for ethical, patient-centred glaucoma care and independent glaucoma second opinions. She is also the Program Director for Community Outreach & Wellness; and for the Marengo Asia International Institute of Neuro and Spine.

Dr Bhartiya has published peer-reviewed research onglaucoma management, examining how treatment decisions should balance medical evidence, patient preferences, and long-term vision outcomes. She is also a committed patient advocate and mainstream medical columnist, translating complex ophthalmic evidence into actionable public health insights across leading national platforms including NDTV and OnlyMyHealth

As Editor-in-Chief of Clinical and Experimental Vision and Eye Research and Executive Editor of the Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice (Pubmed Indexed, official journal of the International Society of Glaucoma Surgery), Dr Shibal Bhartiya brings editorial and research depth to every clinical decision. Her 200+ publications, including 90+ PubMed-indexed publications and 28 edited textbooks span glaucoma biology, surgical outcomes, health equity, and emerging diagnostics.

1600+ Five Star Patient Reviews Google Business Profile

If you are unable to come to Dr Bhartiya’s clinic: Read more about teleconsultation

Read her research on PubMed | Google Scholar | ResearchGate | ORCID | Github | Wikidata

📋Upload your reports for a structured review.| 🌐 Contact Us| 📞 +91 88826 38735

⭐ Helped by this article? Leave a Google review — it helps other patients find reliable eye care.

Last Reviewed: October 2026


Read More

Basics of Dry Eye, Dry Eye Second Opinion, Dry Eye: A Chronic Disease

Why Do Women Get Dry Eye More Often? Menopause and Dry Eye

Dry Eyes: Natural Remedies, Dry Eyes: Tips to Soothe Sore Eyes

Why Dry Eye Is Worse in Air Conditioning and on Flights

Screen Fatigue, Why Vision Becomes Blurred After Reading or Screen Use,

Why Your Eyes Water Constantly, Omega-3 and Dry Eye, Why Are Your Dry Eye Drops Not Working

Glaucoma Eye Drops: The Complete Guide, Laser or Eye Drops for Glaucoma

Managing Glaucoma Eye Drop Side Effects, Which Is the Best Eyedrop for Glaucoma?

Why Do I Need So Many Glaucoma Eye Drops?