Eye allergies, called allergic conjunctivitis, result when the eyes are exposed to something that irritates them (called an allergen). Because of this, the eyelids and conjunctiva may become red, swollen and itchy, with excessive tearing. Unlike infective conjunctivitis (which maybe bacterial, or more commonly, viral) allergic conjunctivitis is not transmitted by contact with the person suffering from it.
Causes:
- Seasonal allergies: triggered by pollen, mould spores etc
- Perennial allergies: exposure to other environmental triggers such as dust, smoke, pet hair, make up products
Symptoms:
- Redness of eye
Watering/ stringy/ ropey discharge
Swelling of conjunctiva, eyelids
Treatment:
Identifying and removing the cause of allergic conjunctivitis, whenever possible, is critical. It’s best to avoid arid, dusty environs and to protect the eyes with wrap-around sunglasses from potential exposure to allergy causing agents. A humidifier to avoid the dryness caused by air-conditioning also helps. Ice packs and cold water compresses help in reducing the discomfort due to an eye allergy. The treatment options that your doctor will chose from are listed below. These are used in various combinations depending on disease severity and duration.
Topical tear supplements: Usually preservative free eye drops that keep the eyes lubricated help with decreasing the allergen load, as well as increase patient comfort.
Antihistamine eye drops: Help by decreasing the redness and the generalised allergic response.
Mast cell stabilizers eye drops:These act in the long term providing prophylaxis against a potential allergic reaction, and are recommended for those struggling with seasonal and perennial allergies.
NSAIDS or Non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Help by decreasing the inflammation caused by the allergies, and ease discomfort.
Steroid eye drops: Are usually limited to the severe cases not responding to conventional therapy, and must be used under strict medical supervision because of potential side effects.
Oral antihistamines (tablets) maybe prescribed in severe cases.