- Get your eyes checked once every year, even if you are comfortable with your current glasses.
- Use both your hands when taking off and wearing your glasses. This maintains their alignment, and their fit for your face. For the same reason, pushing your glasses to your forehead, or head is also not a good idea.
- Always use the lint free cloth provided by your optician to clean your spectacles, and try and keep them in the case to avoid dust particles.
- In case your power is significant (1 or more), it’s better to keep a spare pair of spectacles in case they break, or you lose your glasses.
- Please get your frame adjusted periodically so they don’t slide down the nasal bridge. This is especially relevant for children, and in case of rimless frames.
Tag: Tips
Routine Eye Examination for children
Vision problems in children generally are not the direct cause of learning disorders; however, they can interfere with children’s abilities to perform to their potential. Regular eye examinations are essential to evaluate the functional status of the eyes and visual system, and to counsel and educate parents/caregivers regarding their child’s visual, ocular, and related health care status.
The important eye diseases which may be detected by a regular ophthalmic examination include refractive error, amblyopia, anisometropia, nystagmus, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, retinoblastoma and developmental glaucoma. Just as responsible parents adhere to an immunization schedule, regular eye examinations by an eye-care professional must be incorporated into the preventive health care plan for children.
The following is the recommended schedule for eye check-ups in children:
At birth
Screening by paediatrician for all, ophthalmology consultation if required
Birth to 24 months
Asymptomatic/ risk-free: At 6 months of age
At-risk: At 6 months of age or as recommended
2 to 5 years
Asymptomatic/ risk-free: At 3 years of age
At-risk: At 3 years of age or as recommended
6 to 18 years
Asymptomatic/ risk-free: Before first grade and every 2 years thereafter
At-risk: Annually or as recommended
In addition to the tests performed routinely for adults, a paediatric eye exam consists of a comprehensive visual acuity recording, cycloplegic refraction and fundus, assessment of binocular vision, accomodative function and ocular motility. Intraocular pressure measurement, syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct, detailed tests for stereopsis and visual field assessment may also be performed when indicated.
Eye care during pregnancy
Pregnancy can cause temporary changes in vision due to hormonal shifts, fluid retention and blood circulation changes. Common symptoms include dry eyes, blurred vision and contact lens intolerance. Most changes resolve after delivery, but persistent symptoms should be evaluated by an eye specialist to rule out conditions like glaucoma, retinal problems or pregnancy-related hypertension effects on the eye. Dr Shibal Bhartiya explains the changes in your eyes and vision due to pregnancy.
Dr Shibal Bhartiya is a fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator with over 25 years of experience. Her approach focuses on identifying risk before damage is irreversible, simplifying treatment decisions, and protecting vision long-term. Emphasis on early detection, risk assessment, and continuity of care. She is rated 5 stars across 1,500+ patient reviews on Google.
How pregnancy affects the eyes
Pregnancy causes hormonal, metabolic and vascular changes that can affect the eyes in subtle ways. Many of these changes are temporary and resolve after delivery, but some may require monitoring.
Common physiological changes include:
• Reduced corneal sensitivity
• Dry eye symptoms
• Temporary refractive changes
• Contact lens intolerance
• Mild eyelid pigmentation
These changes are usually harmless but may cause visual discomfort.
Common eye symptoms during pregnancy
Some symptoms frequently reported include:
Blurred vision
Fluid retention may temporarily change corneal thickness and refractive power.
Dry eyes
Hormonal changes may reduce tear production causing irritation and burning.
Light sensitivity
May occur due to tear film instability.
Difficulty wearing contact lenses
Changes in corneal shape and tear film may reduce tolerance.
Headache with visual symptoms
May require evaluation if persistent.
When eye symptoms during pregnancy should not be ignored
Some symptoms need urgent evaluation:
• Sudden vision loss
• Double vision
• Persistent headache with blurred vision
• Visual field defects
• Flashes or floaters
• Eye pain
These may indicate systemic pregnancy conditions such as hypertension or neurological causes.
Can pregnancy affect glaucoma?
Pregnancy may affect intraocular pressure differently in different patients.
Some studies suggest IOP may decrease due to hormonal changes, but in glaucoma patients pressure may increase, decrease or remain stable, making monitoring important.
This variability explains why glaucoma patients need individual monitoring plans.
Are eye drops safe during pregnancy?
Safety depends on the medication type and trimester.
Many glaucoma medications lack strong safety data in pregnancy and require careful risk–benefit decisions.
Important principles include:
• Avoid self medication
• Inform your eye doctor if pregnant
• Use minimum effective treatment
• Consider laser options when appropriate
• Coordinate with obstetrician
Management usually focuses on balancing maternal vision protection with fetal safety.
Eye examinations during pregnancy
Routine eye examinations are generally safe during pregnancy.
Dilating drops may be used when necessary for diagnosis. Some medications used for examination have no known teratogenic effects when used in limited amounts.
However, elective procedures may be postponed unless medically necessary.
Can glaucoma treatment continue during pregnancy?
Management depends on disease severity.
Possible approaches may include:
• Careful monitoring without treatment
• Medication adjustment
• Laser treatment
• Surgery only if necessary
Laser procedures may sometimes reduce medication need during pregnancy.
Treatment decisions are always individualised.
Practical eye care tips during pregnancy
General recommendations include:
• Maintain hydration
• Use preservative-free lubricants if needed
• Reduce excessive screen time
• Maintain good sleep cycles
• Avoid self medication
• Attend scheduled checkups
These simple habits help maintain ocular surface stability.
Can pregnancy cause permanent vision damage?
Most pregnancy-related visual changes are temporary.
However, conditions like:
• Pregnancy induced hypertension
• Gestational diabetes
• Pre-existing glaucoma
• Retinal disorders
may require monitoring.
The key principle is: Do not ignore persistent visual symptoms during pregnancy.
Key clinical insight
Most visual changes during pregnancy are temporary.
But pregnancy is also a time when early detection matters because treatment decisions must balance maternal eye health and fetal safety.
FAQ SECTION
Can pregnancy affect eyesight?
Yes. Pregnancy can affect eyesight in several temporary ways due to hormonal changes, fluid retention, and changes in blood circulation. Some women notice mild blurring of vision, difficulty focusing, or increased eye dryness. These changes usually occur because fluid shifts can slightly alter corneal thickness and tear production.
In most cases, these changes resolve after delivery and do not cause permanent vision damage. However, if vision changes are sudden, severe, or associated with headache, flashing lights, or blind spots, an eye examination is important because these may indicate systemic conditions such as pregnancy-induced hypertension or gestational diabetes affecting the eye.
The key principle is: mild fluctuations are common, but persistent or worsening symptoms should always be evaluated.
Are eye drops safe during pregnancy?
Some eye drops are considered relatively safe, while others require caution. The safety depends on the type of medication, the trimester of pregnancy, and the severity of the eye condition being treated.
For example:
• Artificial tears are generally considered safe
• Some glaucoma medications may need modification
• Steroid drops are used only when necessary
• Antibiotic drops may be used if infection is present
Doctors often recommend techniques like punctal occlusion (gentle pressure near the tear duct after putting drops) to reduce systemic absorption of medication.
Importantly, patients should never stop glaucoma medication without medical advice, as uncontrolled glaucoma may cause irreversible optic nerve damage. Treatment decisions always involve balancing maternal vision protection and fetal safety.
Can pregnancy worsen glaucoma?
Pregnancy does not affect glaucoma in a uniform way. In some patients, intraocular pressure may decrease due to hormonal effects, while in others it may remain unchanged or even fluctuate.
Because glaucoma progression depends not only on pressure but also on optic nerve vulnerability, glaucoma patients require individualised monitoring during pregnancy.
Management may involve:
• Close observation
• Medication adjustment
• Laser treatment in selected cases
• Multidisciplinary coordination with the obstetrician
The most important message is that glaucoma patients planning pregnancy should ideally discuss management strategy in advance so treatment can be safely adjusted if required.
Can I wear contact lenses during pregnancy?
Yes, but some women experience temporary intolerance to contact lenses during pregnancy. This usually happens because hormonal changes may affect tear film stability and corneal sensitivity.
Common symptoms include:
• Increased dryness
• Foreign body sensation
• Lens discomfort
• Reduced wearing time tolerance
In such cases, temporary use of glasses may be more comfortable. If contact lenses are continued, maintaining excellent hygiene and limiting wear time becomes even more important.
These changes usually improve after delivery.
Should I get an eye checkup during pregnancy?
Routine eye checkups are not mandatory for all pregnant women, but evaluation is advisable if:
• You have glaucoma
• You have diabetes or hypertension
• You develop visual symptoms
• You have severe headaches with visual complaints
• You have a history of retinal disease
• You notice sudden refractive changes
Eye examinations are generally safe during pregnancy when medically indicated. Early evaluation helps distinguish harmless pregnancy-related changes from conditions requiring monitoring.
Do vision changes after pregnancy reverse?
Most pregnancy-related visual changes are temporary and resolve within weeks to months after delivery as hormone levels stabilise and fluid balance returns to normal.
Because refractive power may fluctuate during pregnancy, doctors usually advise avoiding new spectacle prescriptions unless vision changes are significant or persistent.
If visual changes continue after delivery, a follow-up eye examination is recommended to rule out underlying conditions unrelated to pregnancy.
Can pregnancy cause serious eye problems?
Serious eye problems during pregnancy are uncommon but may occur in association with systemic conditions such as:
• Preeclampsia
• Gestational diabetes
• Hypertension
• Pituitary conditions (rare)
• Retinal vascular changes
Symptoms needing urgent evaluation include:
• Sudden vision loss
• Double vision
• Persistent severe headache
• Visual field defects
• Flashes or floaters
• Eye pain
Early diagnosis is important because some of these conditions may also reflect maternal systemic health risks.
Can pregnancy cause permanent eye damage?
Most pregnancy-related eye changes do not cause permanent damage. However, pre-existing eye diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or retinal disorders may require monitoring during pregnancy to prevent progression.
The risk usually comes not from pregnancy itself but from underlying medical conditions.
This is why pregnancy eye care focuses on:
risk identification rather than routine intervention.
Are eye tests like dilation safe during pregnancy?
Diagnostic eye examinations, including dilation when medically necessary, are generally considered safe because the amount of medication used is very small. Doctors typically use the lowest effective dose and avoid unnecessary medications.
Elective procedures may be postponed unless clinically required. If dilation is needed, your ophthalmologist may coordinate with your obstetrician.
The benefit of accurate diagnosis usually outweighs the minimal theoretical risk when testing is medically indicated.
When should a pregnant woman see an eye specialist urgently?
Urgent evaluation is needed if there is:
• Sudden blurred vision
• Loss of part of vision
• Severe headache with visual symptoms
• New double vision
• Eye pain or redness
• Flashes and floaters
• Visual disturbances with high blood pressure
These symptoms may indicate conditions affecting both maternal and fetal safety and should not be ignored.
Does pregnancy affect dry eye disease?
Yes. Hormonal changes may worsen dry eye symptoms by affecting tear film quality and meibomian gland function.
Patients may notice:
• Burning sensation
• Grittiness
• Fluctuating vision
• Screen fatigue
Management usually includes:
• Preservative-free lubricants
• Screen breaks
• Adequate hydration
• Environmental adjustments
Dry eye symptoms usually improve after pregnancy.
Should glaucoma patients planning pregnancy see their eye doctor beforehand?
Yes. Pre-pregnancy consultation allows safe planning of glaucoma management.
This may include:
• Reviewing medication safety
• Considering laser treatment
• Establishing monitoring plan
• Coordinating with obstetric care
Planning reduces treatment uncertainty during pregnancy.
Read the research articles
This article was written by Dr Shibal Bhartiya, fellowship-trained glaucoma specialist and Mayo Clinic Research Collaborator, Clinical Director at Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, known for ethical, patient-centred glaucoma care and independent glaucoma second opinions. This article was edited in April 2026.
She has published peer-reviewed research on glaucoma management, examining how treatment decisions should balance medical evidence, patient preferences, and long-term vision outcomes.
As Editor-in-Chief of Clinical and Experimental Vision and Eye Research and Executive Editor of the Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice (Pubmed Indexed, official journal of the International Society of Glaucoma Surgery), Dr Shibal Bhartiya brings editorial and research depth to every clinical decision. Her 200+ publications, including 90+ PubMed-indexed publications and 28 edited textbooks span glaucoma biology, surgical outcomes, health equity, and emerging diagnostics.
Her work can be accessed on Pubmed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and ORCID.
Dr Shibal Bhartiya
Glaucoma • Second Opinion • Advanced Care
www.drshibalbhartiya.com
+91 88826 38735
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Video: Eye Care during pregnancy
Causes of Blindness
The WHO Global Initiative to Eliminate Avoidable Blindness, “VISION 2020: The Right to Sight”, aims to eliminate these diseases as a public health problem by the year 2020. These diseases, along with uncorrected refractive errors, may be controlled since they have effective strategies for elimination and control. The most important of these is cataract, and other diseases include glaucoma (12.3%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (8.7%), corneal opacities (5.1%), diabetic retinopathy (4.8%),
Cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide (47.9%), except for certain developed countries. Cataract results from a clouding of the lens of the eye, causing decrease in vision. Cataract is normaally an age related change in the lens, but disease such as diabetes, and trauma, can accelerate cataract formation. Cataracts can affect any age group, even newborn children.
Cataracts are easily curable with surgery, and the newer cataract surgical techniques are safe and effective. Since many people do not have access to medical care, cataract remains a significant public health care burden.
Glaucoma usually results when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. It is usually asymptomatic in the initial stages, and a comprehensive eye exam alone can detect it.
There are two kinds of glaucomas, angle closure being more common in south-east Asians, while the open angle variant is more common in Caucasians. The incidence of blindness due to angle closure disease is almost three times that of the more common open angle glaucoma. As of now, there is no “cure” for glaucoma but early diagnosis and treatmentcan control the disease process so that blindness may be prevented.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) results due to the development of abnormal blood vessels at the macula (Wet AMD), or death of light-sensitive cells at the macula (Dry AMD). The macula is the most light sensitive part of the centre of the retina, which is responsible for perception of finer details and central vision. AMD therefore results in loss of central vision, unlike glaucoma which affects peripheral vision first. The disease is not preventable, but can be treated. Treatment of AMD involves injections into the eye (Lucentis and Avastin; Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab, respectively) and/or lasers.
Corneal diseases result in corneal scarring, and decrease/ loss of vision, especially in children and young adults. The main causes include trachoma, trauma, onchocerchiasis and corneal ulcers. Most of these diseases are preventable and curable in the early stages with relatively minor interventions. The WHO programs for the prevention and management of trachoma and onchocerciasis aims at providing eye health care to vulnerable groups, especially in parts of Asia and Africa. Visual rehabilitation of these patients usually requires a corneal transplant.
Diabetic retinopathy is usually asymptomatic, and it is therefore essential for diabetics to undergo an annual dilated retinal evaluation.
Diabetes can cause abnormalities in the small blood vessels in the retina, including new blood vessel formation,resulting in leakage and bleeding from these vessels. If this leakage is at the macula, the most sensitive part of the retina, loss of vision results. Diabetic retinopathy may be treated with lasers, injections into the eye, and/or surgery. Blindness due to diabetes is largely preventable with timely interventions and adequate blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol control.
The WHO database from 2002 provide the first estimates of global burden of visual impairment:
- Globally, in 2002 more than 161 million people were visually impaired, of whom 124 million people had low vision and 37 million were blind.
- In this statistic, refractive error as a cause of visual impairment has not been included, which means that the actual magnitude of visual impairment is significantly more.
- For each person who is blind, an average of 3.4 people have low vision (regional variation ranging from 2.4 to 5.5).
Washing Eyes
Most of us think washing our eyes or splashing water in them when they feel dry, helps. On the contrary, this increases the dryness of the eyes, even though we do feel an immediate relief on splashing water.
Water in the eye washes off the tear film which not only lubricates, but also protects, the eyes. The normal time taken for the tear film to regenerate is about four hours, and for that time, the eye remains exposed to both, allergy and infection causing agents.
Splashing of water can cause eye injuries, and also infections, especially since tap water is often full of contaminants. Moreover, the natural tears are sufficient to keep your eyes clean.
In case of any chemical or foreign body in the eye, you may gently wash your eyes with drinking water, before contacting your eye doctor for immediate help. A good idea is to take some drinking water in your cupped hands, and lower your face into the water, gently opening your eye under water.
An eye cup maybe used for this, provided it is cleaned thoroughly. Regular washing of the eyes however, does not help promote eye health.